Kutheni le nto amaBuddha ephepha ukunamathela?
Umgaqo wokungancamathiseli sisitshixo ekuqondeni nasekuqheliseni ubuBuddha, kodwa njengemibono emininzi kule nkolo, inokudida kwaye ibadimaze abantu abatsha.
Impendulo enjalo iqhelekile phakathi kwabantu, ngakumbi eNtshona, xa beqala ukuphonononga ubuBuddha. Ukuba le ntanda-bulumko kufanele ukuba imalunga novuyo, bayazibuza, kutheni kuthabatha ixesha elide kangaka ukuthi ubomi buzele kukubandezeleka (dukkha), ukuba ukungazinamathiseli yinjongo, kwaye ukuqonda ukuba akukho nto (shunyata) linyathelo ekukhanyeni?
UbuBuddha ngokwenene yintanda-bulumko yovuyo. Esinye isizathu sokudideka kwabafundi abafikayo kukuba iingcamango zamaBuddha zavela kulwimi lwesiSanskrit, elinamagama angahlali eguqulelwa ngokulula esiNgesini. Enye into kukuba isakhelo sobuqu sabantu baseNtshona sihluke kakhulu kunasenkcubeko yaseMpuma.
Iindlela zokuthatha eziphambili: Umgaqo-nkqubo ongathambekiyo eBuddhism
Iinyaniso ezine ezintle ziyisiseko seBuddhism. Baye bahanjiswa nguBuddha njengendlela eya e-nirvana, imeko esisigxina yovuyo.
Nangona iinyaniso eziNqabileyo zisithi ubomi buyasokola kwaye uncamathiselo sesinye sezizathu zeso sigulo, la magama ayizizo iinguqulelo ezichanekileyo zamagama esiSanskrit.
Igama elithi dukkha lingaguqulelwa ngcono njenge "ukungoneliseki" endaweni yokubandezeleka.
Akukho luguqulelo ngqo lwegama upadana, ekubhekiswa kulo njengesiqhotyoshelweyo. Umxholo ugxininisa ukuba umnqweno wokubambelela ezintweni uyingxaki, ayikuko ukuba umntu makancame yonke into ayithandayo.
Ukunikezela inkohliso kunye nokungazi okubangela isidingo sokuncamathisela kunokunceda ekupheliseni ukubandezeleka. Oku kufezekiswa ngeNdlela eNtlonipho eyiSibhozo.
Ukuqonda umxholo wokungaqhotyoshelwanga, kuya kufuneka uyiqonde indawo yayo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo ngokubanzi sefilosofi kunye nokusebenza kweBuddhist. Indawo esisiseko yobuBuddha yaziwa ngokuba ziNyaniso ezine eziNqabileyo.
Iziseko zeBuddhism
Inyaniso yokuqala ethandekayo: ubomi "bubandezeleka"
UBuddha wafundisa ukuba ubomi njengoko sibazi namhlanje bugcwele ukubandezeleka, olona guqulelo lusondele kwisiNgesi kwigama elithi dukkha. Eli gama lineentsingiselo ezininzi, kubandakanya "ukungoneliseki", ekunokwenzeka ukuba lolona guqulelo lungcono "lokubandezeleka". Ukutsho ukuba ubomi buyasokola ngengqondo yobuBuddha kukuthi, naphina apho siya khona, silandelwa yimvakalelo engacacanga yokuba izinto azonelisi, azilunganga ncam. Ukwamkelwa koku kungoneliseki koko amaBuddha akubiza ngokuba yinyaniso yokuqala eqaqambileyo.
Kuyenzeka ukuba wazi unobangela woku kubandezeleka okanye ukungoneliseki, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ivela kwimithombo emithathu. Okokuqala, awanelisekanga kuba asiyiqondi ncam imeko yokwenyani yezinto. Esi siphithiphithi (avidya) sihlala siguqulelwa ngokungazi, kwaye eyona nto iphambili kukuba asazi ngokudibana kwazo zonke izinto. Khawufane ucinge, umzekelo, ukuba kukho u "I" okanye u "I" okhoyo ngokuzimeleyo nokwahlukana nazo zonke ezinye izinto. Oku mhlawumbi kukungaqondi kakuhle okuchongwe yiBuddhism, kwaye unoxanduva lwezizathu ezibini zokubandezeleka.
Inyaniso yesibini ebabazekayo: ezi zizizathu zokubandezeleka kwethu
Ukuphendula kwethu koku kungaqondi malunga nokwahlukana kwethu kwihlabathi kukhokelela ekuncamathiseleni / ekuncamathiseleni okanye ekunyanyeni / kwintiyo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba igama lesiSanskrit kwimbono yokuqala, upadana, ayinangcaciso ngqo yesiNgesi; intsingiselo yayo yokoqobo "ipetroli", nangona ihlala ihunyushwa ukuba ithetha "ukuncamathisela". Kwangokunjalo, igama lesiSanskrit lokuthintela / ukuzonda, devesha, nalo alinayo inguqulelo yesiNgesi. Ngokudibeneyo ezi ngxaki zintathu- ukungazi, uncamathiselo / uncamathiselo kunye nokuchasa - zaziwa njengeeTyhefu ezintathu kunye nokwamkelwa kwazo kuyinyani yesiBini yeNyaniso.
Inyaniso yesithathu ebalaseleyo: kunokwenzeka ukuba kupheliswe ukubandezeleka
UBuddha wafundisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ungasokola. Oku kungundoqo kwithemba eliqinisekileyo lobuBuddha: ukwamkelwa ukuba ukuphela kwedukha kunokwenzeka. Oku kufezekiswa ngokushiya inkohliso kunye nokungazi okubangela ukunamathisela / ukunamathisela kunye nokuchasa / inzondo ebangela ukuba ubomi bungonelisi. Ukupheliswa kokubandezeleka kunegama elaziwa phantse kuwo wonke umntu: i-nirvana.
Inyaniso yesine eQhelekileyo: Nantsi indlela yokuphelisa ukubandezeleka
Okokugqibela, uBuddha wafundisa inani lemithetho esebenzayo kunye neendlela zokuhamba ukusuka kwilizwe lokungazi / lokuncamathisela / ukuthintela (idukkha) ukuya kwisigxina sonwabe / ukoneliseka (nirvana). Phakathi kweendlela kukho i-Eight-Fold Path edumileyo, uthotho lweengcebiso ezisebenzayo zokuphila, eziyilelwe ukuhambisa iingcali kwindlela eya e-nirvana.
Umgaqo wokungabinamathanga
Ukungancamathiseli, ke ngoko, kuyindlela yokhuseleko kwingxaki yokuncamathisela / yokuncamathisela echazwe kwiNyaniso yesiBini eQhelekileyo. Ukuba uncamathiselo / uncamathiselo yimeko yokufumana ubomi obungonelisiyo, iyavakala into yokuba ukungaqhotyoshelwa yimeko efanelekileyo kulwaneliseko lobomi, imeko ye-nirvana.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ingcebiso ka-Buddhist ayisiyiyo yokuzahlula ebantwini ebomini okanye kumava, kodwa endaweni yoko kukuvuma nje okungabambekiyo okukhoyo ekuqaleni. Lo ngumahluko ophambili phakathi kweBuddhist kunye nezinye iifilosofi zonqulo. Ngelixa ezinye iinkolo zizama ukufezekisa imeko ethile yobabalo ngokusebenza nzima kunye nokuchaswa ngokusebenzayo, ubuBuddha bufundisa ukuba sonwabile kwaye yinto nje yokuncama nokuyeka imikhwa emibi kunye nemibono yethu ukuze sikwazi ukubona UBuddahood ophakathi kwethu sonke.
Xa sichasa inkohliso yokuba no "I" okhoyo ngokwahlukeneyo nangokuzimela kwabanye abantu kunye neziganeko, ngequbuliso siyaqonda ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuzihlangula, kuba besisoloko sinxibelelana nazo zonke izinto ngawo onke amaxesha.
Utitshala weZen uJohn Daido Loori uxela ukuba ukungancamathelisi kufanele kuqondwe njengobunye nazo zonke izinto:
"[A] ngokwendlela yokujonga yamaBuddha, ukungazinamathiseli kuchasene ngqo nokwahlukana. Ukuncamathisela udinga izinto ezimbini: into oncamathele kuyo kunye nomntu onamathelayo. Kwinto engathambekiyo kwelinye icala, kukho umanyano. Kukho umanyano kuba akukho nto yokuncamathela kuyo. Ukuba umanyene nendalo iphela, akukho nto ingaphandle kwakho, ke umbono wokuncamathisela uba yinto engekho ngqiqweni. Ngubani oza kubambelela entwenini? "
Ukuhlala ekungamanyelweni kuthetha ukuba siyaqonda ukuba akuzange kubekho nto yokuncamathela okanye ukubambelela kwindawo yokuqala. Kwaye kwabo banokuyibona ngokwenyani, yimeko yovuyo lokwenene.