Ngaba singayifumana indlela eya kuThixo?

Ukukhangela iimpendulo kwimibuzo emikhulu kukhokelele ubuntu ekuphuhliseni iithiyori kunye nemibono malunga nobume bokuphila. I-Metaphysics yinxalenye yefilosofi ejongana neengcinga ezingaqondakaliyo ezinje ngokuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba yintoni, ukwazi njani into nokuba yintoni eyaziwayo.

Ezinye izimvo zihlanganisene ukwenza umbono wehlabathi ofumana ukuthandwa kwaye uzibonakalise kwigumbi lokufundela, ubugcisa, umculo kunye neengxoxo zenkolo. Olunye uhambelwano olwafumana amandla ngenkulungwane ye-19 yayiyintshukumo ye-transcendentalist.

Imigaqo esisiseko yalefilosofi yayikukuba ubuThixo bukuyo yonke indalo nobuntu, kwaye yagxininisa umbono oqhubela phambili wexesha. Eminye yeentshukumo zobugcisa ezikhulu zenkulungwane yafumana imvelaphi yale ntshukumo yefilosofi. I-Transcendentalism yintshukumo echazwe kugxilwe kwindalo yendalo, ugxininiso kubomi obuzimeleyo kunye nembono elungelelanisiweyo kwindalo yomntu.

Ngelixa kukho ukuhlangana okuthile ngamaxabiso obuKristu kwaye ubugcisa bale ntshukumo bunike ixabiso kubugcisa, iimpembelelo zayo zaseMpuma kunye nembono eguqukayo zithetha ukuba uninzi lweengcinga zalo mbutho azihambelani neBhayibhile.

Yintoni i-transcendentalism?
Intshukumo egqithileyo yaqala ngokuzimisela njengesikolo sokucinga eCambridge, eMassachusetts, njengefilosofi ejolise kulwalamano lomntu noThixo kwindalo yendalo; inxulumene ngokusondeleyo kwaye yaveza ezinye zeembono zayo kwisaqhubekeko sothando esiqhubekayo eYurophu. Iqela elincinci leengcinga lenze iklabhu yeTranscendental ngo-1836 kwaye yabeka isiseko sentshukumo.

La madoda aquka abaphathiswa beyunithi uGeorge Putnam noFrederic Henry Hedge, kunye nembongi uRalph Waldo Emerson. Ijolise kumntu ofumana uThixo emendweni wabo, ngendalo kunye nobuhle. Kwakukho iintyatyambo zobugcisa noncwadi; Imizobo yokuma komhlaba kunye nemibongo echazayo ichaze ixesha.

Ezi transcendentalists zazikholelwa ekubeni umntu ngamnye ebengcono amaziko ambalwa aphazamisa umntu wendalo. Okona ukuzithemba komntu kuvela kurhulumente, kumaziko, kwimibutho yezenkolo, okanye kwezopolitiko, kulunge ngakumbi ukuba lilungu loluntu. Ngaphakathi kobuqu bodwa, bekukho nombono kaEmerson woMphefumlo ongaphezulu, umbono wokuba lonke uluntu luyinxalenye yobukho.

Uninzi lwe-transcendentalists lukwakholelwa ukuba ubuntu bunokufezekisa i-utopia, uluntu olugqibeleleyo. Abanye bakholelwa ekubeni indlela yobusoshiyali inokwenza eli phupha lifezeke, ngelixa abanye bekholelwa ukuba uluntu olunabantu abangaxhomekekanga komnye umntu lunakho. Zombini zazisekwe kwinkolelo yokuba uluntu luthanda ukuba lulungile. Ukulondolozwa kobuhle bendalo, njengamaphandle kunye namahlathi, kwakubalulekile kwii-transcendentalists njengoko izixeko kunye noshishino lusanda. Ukhenketho lwangaphandle lwandisiwe ekuthandeni kwaye umbono wokuba umntu angamfumana uThixo kubuhle bendalo wawuthandwa kakhulu.

Amalungu amaninzi eklabhu ayengaba-A-Uluhlu lomhla wabo; ababhali, iimbongi, ababhinqileyo kunye nezifundiswa zamkele iinjongo zentshukumo. UHenry David Thoreau kunye noMargaret Fuller bayamkela intshukumo. Umbhali wabaseTyhini abancinci uLouisa May Alcott uye wamkela ileyibhile yeTranscendentalism, elandela ekhondweni labazali bakhe kunye nembongi uAmos Alcott. Umbhali womculo weyunithi uSamuel Longfellow wamkela isandi sesibini sefilosofi kamva kwinkulungwane ye-19.

Ingaba lefilosofi icinga ntoni ngoThixo?
Ngenxa yokuba abantu abadlulayo bavuma ukucinga ngokukhululekileyo kunye nokucinga komntu, kwakungekho ngcamango yokudibanisa ngoThixo.Njengoko kuboniswe ngoluhlu lwabaculi abadumileyo, amanani ahlukeneyo ayeneengcamango ezahlukeneyo ngoThixo.

Enye yeendlela abagqithisi bezizwe abavumelana namaKrestu obuProtestanti yinkolelo yabo yokuba umntu akamdingi umlamli ukuba athethe noThixo.Okunye kweyona yantlukwano ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwecawa yamaKhatholika neenkonzo zoHlaziyo yayikukungavumelani ukuba umfundisi uyafuneka ukuba angenelele. egameni laboni ukuxolelwa kwezono. Nangona kunjalo, le ntshukumo ihambise le ngcamango phambili, kunye namakholwa amaninzi ukuba icawa, abefundisi, kunye nezinye iinkokeli zonqulo zezinye iinkolo zingathintela, kunokuba zikhuthaze ukuqonda okanye uThixo. ngento abanokuyifumana kwindalo.

Le ndlela yokucinga ilungelelaniswe ngokusondeleyo neCawe yase-Unitarian, itsalela kuyo.

Njengoko i-Unitarian Church iye yanda ukusuka kwintlangano yeTranscendentalist, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba babekholelwa ntoni ngoThixo eMelika ngelo xesha. Enye yeemfundiso eziphambili ze-Unitarianism, kwaye uninzi lwamalungu enkolo yeTranscendentalists, yayikukuba uThixo mnye, hayi uZiqu-zintathu. UYesu Kristu nguMsindisi, kodwa uphefumlelwe nguThixo kunokuba abe nguNyana - nguThixo ongumntu. Le ngcamango iyaphikisana namabango eBhayibhile ngesimilo sikaThixo; Ekuqalekeni ube ekho uLizwi, waye uLizwi ekuye uThixo, waye uLizwi enguThixo. Ekuqalekeni wayekunye noThixo. Zonke izinto zadalwa ngaye, ngaphandle kwakhe akubangakho nto idaliweyo. 4 Kuye kwakukho ubomi, baye ubomi obo bulukhanyiselo lwabantu. Ukhanyiso ke olo lwabonakala ebumnyameni, basuka ubumnyama abaluqiqa. ”(Yohane 1: 1-5).

Kukwachasene noko kwathethwa nguYesu ngaye xa wayezinika isihloko esithi "NDINGUYE" kuYohane 8, okanye xa wayesithi, "Mna noBawo sibanye" (Yohane 10:30). Icawa yase-Unitarian iyawalahla la mabango njengophawu. Kwakukho ukwaliwa kokungaphumeleli kweBhayibhile. Ngenxa yenkolelo yabo yokucinga, ii-Unitarians zelo xesha, kunye neTranscendentalists, bayikhaba imbono yesono sokuqala, ngaphandle kwengxelo ekwiGenesis 3.

I-transcendentalists yaxuba ezi nkolelo zimanyeneyo nefilosofi yaseMpuma. U-Emerson waphefumlelwa ngumbhalo wamaHindu iBhagavat Geeta. Imibongo yaseAsia iye yapapashwa kwiijenali ze-transcendentalist kunye nolunye upapasho olufanayo. Ukucamngca kunye neengcinga ezinjengekarma ziye zaba yinxalenye yokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuqwalaselwa kukaThixo yindalo ngokuyinxenye kwakuphenjelelwa yile nto yokuthakazelelwa yinkolo yaseMpuma.

Ngaba i-transcendentalism yibhayibhile?
Ngaphandle kwempembelelo yaseMpuma, iiTranscendentalists zazingaphosisi mpela ukuba indalo ibonakalisa uThixo.Umpostile uPaul wabhala: "Kuba iimpawu zakhe ezingabonakaliyo, oko kukuthi, amandla akhe angunaphakade kunye nobume bakhe bobuthixo, ziye zabonwa ngokucacileyo, kususela ekudalweni kwehlabathi, izinto ezenziwe. Andinakuzithethelela ”(KwabaseRoma 1:20). Akuphosakalanga ukuthi umntu angambona uThixo kwindalo, kodwa akufuneki amnqule, kwaye akufuneki abe kuphela komthombo wolwazi ngoThixo.

Ngelixa ezinye i-transcendentalists zazikholelwa ukuba usindiso kuYesu Krestu lubalulekile kusindiso, ayingabo bonke abenza njalo. Ixesha elingaphezulu, le ntanda-bulumko iqalile ukwamkela inkolelo yokuba abantu abalungileyo banokuya ezulwini, ukuba bakholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo kwinkolo ebakhuthaza ukuba baziphathe kakuhle. Kodwa ke, uYesu wathi: “Ndim indlela, ndim inyaniso, ndim ubomi; Akukho namnye uzayo kuBawo engezi ngam ”(Yohane 14: 6). Ekuphela kwendlela yokusindiswa esonweni kwaye ube noThixo ngonaphakade emazulwini ngoYesu Kristu.

Ngaba abantu balungile ngenene?
Enye yeenkolelo eziphambili zeTranscendentalism kukulunga okungaphakathi komntu, ukuba angoyisa imeko yakhe encinci kwaye ubuntu buya kugqitywa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba abantu balunge ngokwendalo, ukuba uluntu ngokudibeneyo lunokuphelisa imithombo yobubi-nokuba kukungabikho kwemfundo, isidingo semali okanye enye ingxaki- abantu baya kuziphatha kakuhle kwaye noluntu luya kugqitywa. IBhayibhile ayiyixhasi le nkolelo.

Iindinyana malunga nobungendawo bomntu zibandakanya:

- KwabaseRoma 3:23 "kuba bonke bonile baza basilela kuzuko lukaThixo".

- KwabaseRoma 3: 10-12 “njengokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa, Akukho lungisa, hayi, nalinye; Akukho mntu uqondayo; Akukho namnye umfunayo uThixo; bebonke baye bangancedi lutho; Akukho wenza okulungileyo, nokuba abe mnye. "

- INtshumayeli 7:20 "Akukho mntu ulilungisa ehlabathini, wenza okulungileyo, angoni."

- Isaya 53: 6 “Sonke siye salahleka njengeegusha; sithethe - elowo - ngendlela yakhe; kwaye uNdikhoyo ubeke phezu kwakhe ubugwenxa bethu sonke ”.

Ngaphandle kwentshukumo yokuphefumlelwa kobugcisa, iiTranscendentalists zazingabuqondi ububi bentliziyo yomntu. Ngokubonisa abantu njengabantu abalungileyo ngokwendalo kwaye ububi bukhula entliziyweni yomntu ngenxa yemeko yezinto kwaye ke bunokulungiswa ngabantu, kwenza ukuba uThixo abe sisikhombisi sokukhokela sokulunga kunokuba ngumthombo wokuziphatha okuhle kunye nentlawulelo.

Ngelixa imfundiso yenkolo ye-transcendentalism iswele uphawu lwemfundiso ebalulekileyo yobuKristu, ikhuthaza abantu ukuba bachithe ixesha becinga ngendlela uThixo azibonakalisa ngayo emhlabeni, onwabele indalo, kunye nokulandela ubugcisa kunye nobuhle. Ezi zizinto ezilungileyo kwaye, "... nantoni na eyinyani, nantoni na ebekekileyo, nantoni na elungileyo, nantoni na enyulu, nantoni na ethandekayo, nantoni na encomekayo- ukuba kukho into egqwesileyo okanye encomekayo - cinga ngezi zinto" 4).

Akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngokulandela ubugcisa, ukonwabela indalo kwaye ufune ukwazi uThixo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Izimvo ezintsha kufuneka zivavanywe ngokuchasene neLizwi likaThixo kwaye zingamkelwa kuba zintsha. I-Transcendentalism iye yabumba inkulungwane yenkcubeko yaseMelika kwaye yavelisa imisebenzi emininzi yobugcisa, kodwa izamile ukunceda umntu ukuba agqithe kwimfuno yabo yoMsindisi kwaye ekugqibeleni ayibambeli ubudlelwane bokwenene noYesu Krestu.