Iimbono zeBuddhist kwiNgxoxo yokuKhupha isisu
I-United States ibinengxaki yokukhutshwa kwesisu iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kokufikelela kwisivumelwano. Sifuna umbono omtsha, umbono wamaBuddha wokukhutshwa kwesisu unokubonelela.
UbuBuddha bujonga ukuqhomfa njengokuthatha ubomi bomntu. Kwangelo xesha, amaBuddha ngokubanzi anqabile ukungenelela kwisigqibo somfazi sokuphelisa ukukhulelwa. UbuBhuda bunokukuthomalalisa ukuqhomfa, kodwa bukwatyhafisa ukumiselwa kwemilinganiselo engqongqo yokuziphatha.
Oku kunokubonakala kuphikisana. Kwinkcubeko yethu, abaninzi bacinga ukuba xa kukho into engalunganga ngokuziphatha kufuneka ivalwe. Nangona kunjalo, umbono wamaBuddha kukuba ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kwimithetho ayisiyiyo into esenza ukuba siziphathe kakuhle. Ngapha koko, ukumiselwa kwemithetho egunyazisiweyo kuhlala kudala iseti yeempazamo zokuziphatha.
Kuthekani ngamalungelo?
Okokuqala, umbono wamaBuddha wokuqhomfa awubandakanyi umxholo wamalungelo, okanye "ilungelo lobomi" okanye "ilungelo lomzimba womntu". Ngokuyinxenye oku kungenxa yokuba ubuBhuda yinkolo endala kakhulu kwaye umbono wamalungelo abantu usandula ukwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ukusombulula isisu njengombuzo olula "wamalungelo" akubonakali kusisa ndawo.
"Amalungelo" achazwa yiStanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy "njengamalungelo (okungabi) okwenza izinto ezithile okanye ukuba kwizizwe ezithile, okanye amalungelo abanye (angenzi) zenzo ezithile okanye ukuba kwizizwe ezithile". Kule ngxabano, ilungelo liba lixilongo, ukuba liyadlalwa, liphumelele isandla lize livale nakuphi na ukuqwalaselwa kwengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, amatshantliziyo omabini ngokuchasene nokukhupha isisu ngokusemthethweni akholelwa kwelokuba ikhadi labo lexilongo libetha ikhadi lexilongo lelinye iqela. Ke akukho nto isonjululwa.
Buqala nini ubomi?
Izazinzulu zisixelela ukuba ubomi baqala kulo mhlaba malunga neebhiliyoni ezi-4 zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye ukusukela ngoko ubomi bazibonakalisa ngeendlela ezohlukeneyo ngaphandle kokubala. Kodwa akukho namnye owayibonayo "ekuqaleni". Thina ziphilayo zizibonakaliso zenkqubo engaphazanyiswanga eye yathatha iminyaka eziibhiliyoni ezi-4, nika okanye unike. Okwam "Buqala nini ubomi?" ngumbuzo ongenantsingiselo.
Kwaye ukuba uyaziqonda ngokwakho njengomphumo wenkqubo yeminyaka eziibhiliyoni ezi-4, ngaba ukukhulelwa kunentsingiselo ngakumbi kunangexesha lokudibana notatomkhulu wakho? Ngaba ukhona umzuzu kule minyaka iyi-4 yezigidigidi eyahlulwe ngokwenyani kuwo onke amanye amaxesha kunye nokudityaniswa kweseli kunye nolwahlulo olusuka kwii-macromolecule zokuqala ukuya ekuqaleni kobomi, ucinga ukuba ubomi baqala?
Usenokubuza: Kuthekani ngomphefumlo ngamnye? Enye yezona mfundiso zisisiseko, zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye kunzima kwezobuBuddha yi-anatman okanye i-anatta - akukho mphefumlo. UbuBuddha bufundisa ukuba imizimba yethu ayinayo into engaphakathi kuthi kwaye nokuzingisa kwethu okwahlukileyo kwindalo iphela kuyinkohliso.
Qonda ukuba le asiyomfundiso yokukhohlisa. UBuddha wafundisa ukuba xa sibona inkohliso yomntu omncinci, siyaqonda ukuba "mna" ongenamda akaxhomekekanga ekuzalweni nasekufeni.
Yintoni isiqu sakho?
Izigwebo zethu kwimiba zixhomekeka kakhulu kwindlela esicinga ngayo. Ngokwenkcubeko yaseNtshona, siyabaqonda abantu njengeeyunithi ezizimeleyo. Uninzi lweenkolo zifundisa ukuba ezi yunithi zizimeleyo zityalwe ngomphefumlo.
Ngokwimfundiso ka-Anatman, into esiyicingayo "njengesiqu sethu" kukudalwa okwethutyana kwe skandhas. I-Skandhas ziimpawu-zefom, izivamvo, ukuqonda, ucalucalulo, ukuqonda-okuhlangana kunye ukudala isidalwa esiphilayo.
Kuba akukho mphefumlo unokufuduka usuka kwelinye umzimba uye kwelinye, akukho "kuzalwa ngokutsha" ngokwendlela eqhelekileyo yeligama. "Ukuzalwa kwakhona" kwenzeka xa i-karma eyenziwe kubomi obudlulileyo idlulela kobunye ubomi. Uninzi lwezikolo zobuBuddha zifundisa ukuba ukukhawulwa sisiqalo senkqubo yokuzalwa ngokutsha kwaye ke kuphawula ukuqala kobomi bomntu.
Ummiselo wokuqala
Ummiselo wokuqala wobuBuddha uhlala uguqulelwa "Ndizimisela ukunqanda ukutshabalalisa ubomi". Ezinye izikolo zeBuddhism zenza umahluko phakathi kwezilwanyana kunye nobomi bezityalo, ezinye azenzi. Nangona ubomi bomntu bubaluleke kakhulu, Umyalelo usiyala ukuba siyeke ukuthatha ubomi nakuphi na ukubonakaliswa okungabalekiyo.
Oko kwathiwa, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ukupheliswa kokukhulelwa yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqhomfa kuthathwa njengokuthatha ubomi bomntu kwaye kuyadimazeka ngamandla ziimfundiso zamaBuddha.
UbuBuddha busifundisa ukuba singanyanzelisi iimbono zethu kwabanye kwaye sibe nemfesane kwabo bajongene neemeko ezinzima. Nangona amanye amazwe ubukhulu becala obuBuddha, anjengeThailand, enyanzelisa umthetho ukuthintela ukuqhomfa, amaBuddha amaninzi awacingi ukuba urhulumente kufuneka angenelele kwimiba yesazela.
Indlela kaBuddha yokuziphatha
UbuBuddha abufiki ekuziphatheni ngokuhambisa imithetho eyiyo ekufuneka ilandelwe kuzo zonke iimeko. Endaweni yoko, inika isikhokelo ukusinceda sibone ukuba izinto esizenzayo zisichaphazela njani thina nabanye. I-karma esiyenzayo ngeengcinga zethu, amagama kunye nezenzo zisigcina siphantsi kwesizathu kunye nefuthe. Ke ngoko, sithatha uxanduva ngezenzo zethu kunye neziphumo zezenzo zethu. Nkqu nemiyalelo ayiyiyo imiyalelo kodwa yimigaqo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kuthi ukuba sithathe isigqibo sokuba siyisebenzisa njani le migaqo ebomini bethu.
UKarma Lekshe Tsomo, unjingalwazi wezakwalizwi nonge sisithethe sobuBhuda sase Tibet, uyacacisa:
“Akukho mikhwa yokuziphatha kwiBuddhism kwaye kuyaqondakala ukuba ukuthathwa kwezigqibo malunga nokuziphatha kubandakanya ukuhlangana okuntsonkothileyo koonobangela neemeko. "UbuBuddha" buquka uluhlu olubanzi lweenkolelo kunye nezenzo kunye nezibhalo ezingcwele ziyishiya indawo eyahlukeneyo yokutolika. Zonke ezi zinto zisekwe kwithiyori yenjongo kwaye abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuba bazihlalutye ngokwabo imicimbi ... kunye nokulinganisa iziphumo zezenzo zabo ekukhanyeni kweemfundiso zikaBuddha. "
Yintoni ephosakeleyo ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha?
Inkcubeko yethu ibeka ixabiso elikhulu kwinto ebizwa ngokuba "kukucaca kokuziphatha". Ukucaca kokuziphatha akufane kuchazwe, kodwa kunokuthetha ukungahoyi izinto ezingalunganga kwimicimbi yokuziphatha enzima ukuze usebenzise imigaqo elula nengqongqo ukuyisombulula. Ukuba uthathela ingqalelo yonke imiba yengxaki, usengozini yokungacaci.
Abacacisi bezokuziphatha bayathanda ukuphinda basebenzise zonke iingxaki zokuziphatha kulungelelwaniso olululo lokulungileyo nokungalunganga, okuhle nokubi. Kucingelwa ukuba ingxaki inokuba namacandelo amabini kuphela kwaye elinye icandelo kufuneka lichaneke ngokupheleleyo kwaye elinye icala alilunganga kwaphela. Iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo zenziwe lula, zenziwa lula zaza zahluthwa yonke imiba edidayo ukuyilungelelanisa neebhokisi "ezilungileyo" kunye "nezingalunganga".
KumBuddha, le yindlela yokungathembeki nengalunganga yokufikelela kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha.
Kwimeko yokuqhomfa, abantu abathathe icala bahlala bezikhupha nje iinkxalabo zalo naliphi na elinye icala. Umzekelo, kwiimpapasho ezininzi ezichasene nokuqhomfa, abasetyhini abakhupha izisu bavezwa njengabazithandayo okanye abangakhathaliyo, okanye ngamanye amaxesha babububi nje obucacileyo. Iingxaki zokwenyani ezinokubangelwa kukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo ebomini bomfazi aziboniswanga ngokunyaniseka. Ama-Moralists ngamanye amaxesha axoxa ngeembumba, ukukhulelwa kunye nokuqhomfa ngaphandle kokukhankanya abasetyhini konke konke. Kwangelo xesha, abo bakhetha ukukhupha isisu ngokusemthethweni ngamanye amaxesha bayasilela ukubuqonda ubuntu bomntwana ongekazalwa.
Iziqhamo ze-absolutism
Nangona ubuBuddha bukukhuthaza ukukhupha isisu, siyabona ukuba ukukhupha isisu kubangela ukubandezeleka okukhulu. IZiko lika-Alan Guttmacher libhala ukuba ukwaphula umthetho akwenzi ukuba kungapheliswa okanye kuncitshiswe. Endaweni yoko, ukukhupha isisu kuhamba phantsi komhlaba kwaye kwenziwa kwiimeko ezingakhuselekanga.
Ngokuphelelwa lithemba, abasetyhini bangenwa ziinkqubo ezingenazintsholongwane. Basela i-bleach okanye i-turpentine, bazihlambe ngeentonga nangezixhoma, bade batsibe nophahla Ehlabathini lonke, iinkqubo zokuqhomfa ezingakhuselekanga zibangela ukusweleka kwabasetyhini abamalunga nama-67.000 ngonyaka, ubukhulu becala kumazwe apho ukuqhomfa kungekho semthethweni.
Abo "banokucaciswa kokuziphatha" banokukuhoya oku kubandezeleka. UmBhuda akakwazi. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics, uRobert Aitken Roshi wathi (iphe. 17): “Isikhundla esipheleleyo, xa sisodwa, sizishiya ngokupheleleyo iinkcukacha zabantu. Iimfundiso, kubandakanya ubuBuddha, zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe. yabo bathathe ubomi babo, kuba emva koko basebenzisa thina ".
Indlela yeBuddhist
Imvumelwano ephantse yafunyanwa phakathi kweenqobo ezisesikweni zamaBuddha zokuba eyona ndlela yokujongana nomcimbi wokuqhomfa kukufundisa abantu ngolawulo lokuzalwa nokubakhuthaza ukuba basebenzise izinto zokuthintela ukukhulelwa. Ngaphandle koko, njengoko uKarma Lekshe Tsomo ebhala,
"Ekugqibeleni, inkoliso yamaBuddha iyakuqonda ukungangqinelani okukhoyo phakathi kwethiyori malunga nokuziphatha nendlela eyiyo yokusebenza kwaye, nangona bengakuxoleli ukuthatha ubomi, bakhuthaza ukuqonda nemfesane kubo bonke abantu abaphilayo, ububele obunothando ugweba kwaye uhloniphe ilungelo nenkululeko yabantu yokuzikhethela.