Yeyiphi i-4 Cardinalfanelo?
Iimpawu ezibalaseleyo zimpawu eziphambili ezine zokuziphatha. Igama lesiNgesi elithi ikhadinali lisuka kwigama lesiLatini elithi Cardo, elithetha "i-hinge". Zonke ezinye iimpawu zixhomekeke kwezi zine: ukuhlakanipha, ubulungisa, amandla engqondo kunye nokuzola.
UPlato uqale waxubusha ngeempawu ezibalaseleyo kwiRiphabliki, wangena kwiimfundiso zobuKristu esebenzisa umfundi kaPlato uAristotle. Ngokungafaniyo nethiyori yecawa, ezi zizipho zikaThixo ngobabalo, ezi mpawu zine zibalaseleyo zinokwenziwa ngumntu; ke ngoko, zimele isiseko sokuziphatha kwendalo.
Prudence: ubuhle bukhadinali wokuqala
U-St. Aquinas wachaza ubukrelekrele njengekhadinali yokuqala kuba ujongene nengqondo. U-Aristotle uchaze ubuchule njenge-recta ratio agibilium, "sisizathu esifanelekileyo esisetyenzisiweyo sokuziqhelanisa" Sisidima esisivumela ukuba sahlulele ngokuchanekileyo kokulungileyo nokungalunganga kwimeko ethile. Xa sidibanisa ububi ngokulungileyo, asisebenzisi ubuqili - enyanisweni, sibonisa ukusilela kwethu.
Kuba kulula ukuwela kwisiphoso, ngobukrelekrele sifuna ukuba sicele icebiso labanye, ngakumbi abo sibaziyo ukuba ngabagwebi abanempilo yokuziphatha. Ukutyeshela ingcebiso okanye izilumkiso zabanye abagwebo abangahambelani nezethu luphawu lokutyeshela.
Ubulungisa: Ikhadi lesibini lekhadi
Ubulungisa, ngokuka-St. Thomas, yinto yesibini yesibini enqabileyo, kuba ichaphazela ukuthanda. Njengoko p. Kwincwadi yakhe yesichazi-magama yamaKatolika, uJohn A. Hardon uphawula ukuba, "kukuzimisela okuzinzileyo okuhlala kunika wonke umntu amalungelo afanelekileyo." Sithi "ubulungisa buyimfama" kuba ayifanelekanga ukuba icinga ntoni ngomntu othile. Ukuba simtyala ngetyala, kufuneka sihlawule ngokuthe ngqo ityala lethu.
Ubulungisa bunxulumene nombono wamalungelo. Ngelixa sihlala sisebenzisa ubulungisa ngendlela engeyiyo ("Wafumana oko kufanele"), okusesikweni ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwenzeka xa njengabantu okanye ngokomthetho sithimba umntu oko kufanele oko. Amalungelo asemthethweni akanakuze agqithe kumalungelo endalo.
Inqaba
Ubuhle bekhadinali yesithathu, ngokutsho kukaSt. Aquinas, yinqaba. Ngelixa obu buntu buqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yinkalipho, yahlukile kwinto esiyigqala njengesibindi namhlanje. Inqaba isivumela ukuba soyise uloyiko kunye nokuhlala siqinile kumyolelo wethu xa sijongana nemiqobo, kodwa ihlala iqiqa kwaye isengqiqweni; umntu osebenzisa inqaba akafuni ngozi ngenxa yengozi. Ingqondo nobulungisa zizimfanelo esigqiba kwelokuba sizenze; inqaba isinika amandla okuyenza.
Inqaba ikuphela kwekhadi eliphambili elisisipho soMoya oyiNgcwele, esivumela ukuba siphakame kuloyiko lwethu lwendalo ekukhuseleni ukholo lobuKristu.
Ubushushu: ubuhle bekhadinali yesine
Ubushushu, kubhengezwe iSt. Thomas, yindlela yesine yokugqibela kunye nephambili. Ngelixa ukuqiniseka kuhambelana nokumodareyitha kukoyika ukuze sikwazi ukwenza into, ukuzithoba kukumodareyitha kweminqweno okanye kukoyisa kwethu. Ukutya, isiselo kunye nokwabelana ngesondo konke kubalulekile ukuze sisinde, ngokukodwa kwaye njengohlobo; nangona kunjalo umnqweno ongalunganga kwenye yezi mpahla unokuba yingozi, emzimbeni nasempilweni.
Ubushushu luphawu oluzama ukusithintela ukuba singagqithi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, lifuna ibhalansi yeempahla ezisemthethweni ngokuchasene nomnqweno wethu ogqithileyo ngazo. Ukusetyenziswa kwethu okusemthethweni kwezi mpahla kunokwahluka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo; Ukuzola yindlela "yegolide ephakathi" esinceda ukuba sikwazi ukubona ukuba singayenza kangakanani na iminqweno yethu.