ISt. John Chrysostom, iNgcwele yosuku lwe-13 Septemba
(c. 349-Septemba 14, 407)
Ibali likaSt. John Chrysostom
Ukungacaci nokuthandabuza okungqonge uYohane, umshumayeli omkhulu (igama lakhe lithetha "ngomlomo wegolide") wakwa-Antiyokwe, ziimpawu zobomi bawo onke amadoda amakhulu kwisixeko esilikomkhulu. Waziswa eConstantinople emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesibini esebenza njengombingeleli eSyria, uJohn wazifumana sele elixhoba elineqhinga lokumisela ukuba abe ngubhishophu kwesona sixeko sikhulu ebukumkanini. I-Ascetic, engathandekiyo kodwa enesidima kwaye ekhathazwa sisifo seentsuku zakhe entlango njenge monki, uJohn waba ngubhishophu phantsi kwelifu lezopolitiko zasebukhosini.
Ukuba umzimba wakhe ubuthathaka, ulwimi lwakhe lunamandla. Umxholo weentshumayelo zakhe, inkcazo yakhe yeZibhalo, ayizange ibe nantsingiselo. Ngamanye amaxesha inqaku lalibetha phezulu kwaye linamandla. Ezinye iintshumayelo zazithabatha iiyure ezimbini.
Indlela yakhe yokuphila kwinkundla yasebukhosini khange ixatyiswe ziinkundla ezininzi. Wanikela ngetafile ethobekileyo koobhishophu abakhohlakeleyo ukuze bafumane ukuthanda ubukumkani kunye neecawe. UJohn wayewucaphukela umthetho wenkundla owamnika ukuba akhokele phambi kwamagosa aseburhulumenteni aphezulu. Akayi kuba yindoda egcinwayo.
Inzondelelo yakhe yamkhokelela kwisenzo sokuthatha isigqibo. Oobhishophu abangene e-ofisini baye basuswa ezikhundleni. Uninzi lweentshumayelo zakhe zazifuna amanyathelo ekhonkrithi okwabelana ngobutyebi namahlwempu. Izityebi azikuxabisanga ukuva kukaJohn ukuba ipropathi yabucala ikhona ngenxa yokuwa kuka-Adam kubabalo, kanye njengokuba amadoda atshatileyo ayethanda ukuva ukuba abotshelelwe kwintembeko yomtshato njengabafazi bawo. Xa kufikwa kubulungisa kunye nothando, uJohn akazange ayiqonde imigangatho emibini.
Ukuqina, amandla, ukuthetha phandle, ngakumbi xa onwabile epulpitini, uJohn wayejolise ekugxekweni kunye nengxaki yomntu. Wayetyholwa ngokuzifihla ngokufihlakeleyo kwiwayini etyebileyo kunye nokutya okumnandi. Ukunyaniseka kwakhe njengomlawuli womoya kumhlolokazi osisityebi, iOlimpia, kwabangela ukuhleba okuninzi kumzamo wokumenza umhanahanisi kwimiba yobutyebi nobunyulu. Izenzo zakhe ezenziwa ngokuchasene noobhishophu abangafanelekanga eAsia Minor zabonwa ngabanye abefundisi njengolonyusa igunya elinganyanzelekanga nelingamkelekanga.
UTheophilus, ubhishophu omkhulu waseAlexandria, noKumkanikazi uEudoxia babezimisele ukumhlazisa uYohane. UTheophilus woyika ukubaluleka kukabhishophu waseConstantinople kwaye wasebenzisa eli thuba ngokutyhola uJohn ngokukhuthaza uqhekeko. UTheophilus nabanye oobhishophu abanomsindo baxhaswa nguEudoxia. UKumkanikazi wayezicaphukela iintshumayelo zakhe ezazithelekisa amaxabiso eVangeli kunye nobomi obugqithisileyo kwinkundla yobukumkani. Enoba babethanda okanye bengathandi, iintshumayelo ezichaza uIzebhele ongcolileyo kunye nobungendawo bukaHerodiya zazinxulumene noKumkanikazi, owathi ekugqibeleni waphumelela ekuthinjweni uJohn. Wafa ekuthinjweni ngo-407.
Ukucingisisa
Ukushumayela kukaJohn Chrysostom, ngelizwi nangomzekelo, kuyimizekelo yendima yomprofeti ekuthuthuzeleni abo babandezelekileyo nasekucinezeleni abo bakhululekileyo. Ngokunyaniseka kwakhe kunye nokuba nesibindi, wahlawula ixabiso lenkonzo eneziphithiphithi njengobhishophu, ukungcolisa ubuqu kunye nokugxothwa.