USanta John Henry Newman, oyiNgcwele womhla kaSeptemba 24

(21 ngoFebruwari 1801 - 11 Agasti 1890)

Ibali likaSt John Henry Newman
UJohn Henry Newman, oyena mfundi wezakwalizwi wamaRoma Katolika wayethetha isiNgesi ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, wasebenzisa isiqingatha sokuqala sobomi bakhe njengeTshetshi kunye nesiqingatha sesibini njengomRoma Katolika. Wayengumfundisi, umshumayeli odumileyo, umbhali kunye nomfundi wezakwalizwi obalaseleyo kwiicawa zombini.

Uzalelwe eLondon, eNgilane, wafunda kwiKholeji yaseTrinity eOxford, wayengumhlohli kwiKholeji yaseOriel kwaye kangangeminyaka eli-17 wayengumfundisi wecawa yaseyunivesithi, iSt. Ekugqibeleni wapapasha imiqulu esibhozo yeeNtshumayelo zeParochial kunye nePlain, kunye neenoveli ezimbini. Umbongo wakhe, "Iphupha likaGerontius", wawumiselwe umculo ngu-Sir Edward Elgar.

Emva kowe-1833, uNewman wayelilungu eliphambili le-Oxford Movement, elaligxininisa ityala leCawe kuBawo beCawa kwaye bachasa naluphi na utyekelo lokujonga inyaniso njengeyokuzithoba ngokupheleleyo.

Uphando lwezembali lwenza ukuba uNewman akrokre ukuba iCawa yamaRoma Katolika yayiqhubeka ngokusondeleyo neCawe eyayisekwe nguYesu. Ngomnyaka we-1845 wamkelwa ngokubambisana ngokugcwele njengomKatolika. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva wonyulwa waba ngumfundisi wamaKatolika eRome kwaye waba lilungu leBandla leOratory, elasekwa kwiinkulungwane ezintathu ngaphambili nguSan Filippo Neri. Ukubuyela eNgilani, uNewman waseka izindlu ze-Oratory eBirmingham naseLondon kwaye wayephethe iYunivesithi yamaKatolika yaseIreland iminyaka esixhenxe.

Phambi kukaNewman, inkolo yamaKatolika yayiyekisa ukuyihoya imbali, endaweni yoko ikhetha ukuthathela ingqalelo imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqala, kanye njengejiyometri yendiza. Emva koNewman, amava aphilayo amakholwa athatyathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekubonakalisweni kwezenkolo.

Ekugqibeleni uNewman wabhala iincwadi ezingama-40 kunye neeleta ezingama-21.000 1864 ezazisaphila. Eyona idumileyo yincwadi yakhe yencwadana ethi Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, On Consulting the Faithful in Matters of Doctrine, Apologia Pro Vita Sua - his autobiography until XNUMX - and Essay on the Grammar of Assent. Uyamkele imfundiso yeVatican I yokungaphumeleli koopopu ngokuqaphela ukusikelwa umda kwayo, nto leyo abantu abaninzi ababeyithanda loo nkcazo babemathidala ukuyenza.

Xa uNewman wonyulwa njengekhadinali ngo-1879, wathatha isiqubulo sakhe esithi "Cor ad cor loquitur" - "Intliziyo iyathetha nentliziyo". Wangcwatyelwa eRednal kwiminyaka eli-11 kamva. Emva kwengcwaba lakhe lakhutshwa ngo-2008, kwalungiswa ingcwaba elitsha kwicawa yase-Birmingham.

Kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokubhubha kukaNewman, iklabhu yaseNewman yabafundi bamaKatolika yaqala kwiDyunivesithi yasePennsylvania ePhiladelphia. Ixesha elingaphezulu, igama lakhe lalinxulunyaniswa namaziko olungiselelo kwiikholeji ezininzi zikarhulumente nezabucala kunye neeyunivesithi zaseMelika.

Ngo-2010, uPopu Benedict XVI wamoyikisa uNewman eLondon. U-Benedict uphawule ukugxininisa kuka-Newman kwindima ebalulekileyo yenkolo etyhiliweyo eluntwini, kodwa wancoma inzondelelo yakhe yokuba ngumfundisi-ntsapho kubantu abagulayo, abahluphekileyo, abasentlungwini kunye nabo basentolongweni. Upopu uFrancis wonyanzelisa uNewman ngo-Okthobha u-2019.

Ukucingisisa
UJohn Henry Newman ubizwa ngokuba "nguyise ongekhoyo weVictoria II" kuba imibhalo yakhe malunga nesazela, inkululeko yenkolo, iZibhalo, ubizo lwamarhamente, ubudlelwane phakathi kwecawa nelizwe kunye nezinye izihloko zazinempembelelo enkulu ekwakhiweni kwebhunga. amaxwebhu. Nangona uNewman wayengasoloko eqondwa okanye engaxatyiswanga, wayeshumayela iindaba ezilungileyo ngomlomo nangomzekelo.