Ingcwele yosuku lwe-11 kuDisemba, ibali leSan Damaso I
Ingcwele yosuku lwe-11 kuDisemba
(304 - Disemba 11, 384)
Ibali leSan Damaso I.
Unobhala wakhe uSt. Jerome, uDamasus "wayengumntu ongenakuthelekiswa nanto, efundiswe iZibhalo, ugqirha oyintombi weCawe enyulu, owayethanda ubunyulu kwaye emamela indumiso yakhe ngovuyo". UDamasus kunqabile ukuba eve indumiso engalawulekiyo. Imizabalazo yezopolitiko yangaphakathi, iimfundiso ezikhohlisayo, ubudlelwane obunzima kunye noobhishophu abangoogxa bakhe kunye nabo baseMpuma Church bonakalise uxolo lobupapa bakhe.
Unyana wombingeleli waseRoma, ekunokwenzeka ukuba wayevela eSpanish, uDamasus waqala njengomdikoni kwicawa kayise kwaye wakhonza njengombingeleli kwinto eyathi kamva yaba yintsika yeSan Lorenzo eRoma. Usebenze uPope Liberius (352-366) kwaye wamlandela elubhacweni.
Ukufa kukaLiberia, uDamasus wonyulwa njengobhishophu waseRoma; kodwa iqaqobana lonyula laza langcwalisa omnye umdikoni, u-Ursino, njengopopu. Impikiswano phakathi kweDamasus kunye ne-antipope yabangela iimfazwe ezinobundlobongela kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili, ezihlambalaza oobhishophu base-Itali. Kwisinodi eyadityaniswa nguDamasus ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe, wabacela ukuba bavume isenzo sakhe. Impendulo yoobhishophu yayomile: "Sihlanganisene umhla wokuzalwa, ukuze singamgwebeli umntu ongamanyelwanga". Abaxhasi be-antipope bade bakwazi ukuba uDamasus atyholwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho olubi, mhlawumbi ngokwesondo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-378 AD. Kwakufuneka azikhulule phambi kwenkundla yoluntu kunye nesinodi yeCawa.
Njengopopu, indlela yakhe yokuphila yayilula ngokungafaniyo nabanye abefundisi baseRoma, kwaye wayekhohlakele ekugxekeni iArianism kunye nezinye iimfundiso zobuqhetseba. Ukungaqondwa kakuhle kwesigama soThixo oneziqu ezithathu esasisetyenziswa yiRoma kwakusongela ubudlelane neCawe yaseMpuma, kwaye uDamasus waphumelela ngokumodareyitha ukuhlangabezana nocelomngeni.
Ngexesha lakhe lobupapa, ubuKrestu babhengezwa njengonqulo olusemthethweni kwilizwe laseRoma kwaye isiLatin saba lolona lwimi lusisiseko njengenxalenye yotshintsho kapopu. Inkuthazo yakhe kwizifundo zebhayibhile zikaSt. Jerome zikhokelele kwiVulgate, inguqulelo yesiLatin yeZibhalo eyathi kwiinkulungwane ezili-12 emva kweBhunga laseTrent yabhengeza ukuba "iyinyani kufundo lwasesidlangalaleni, kwiingxabano, ekushumayeleni".
Ukucingisisa
Imbali yoopopu kunye neCawe zixutywe ngokungenakulinganiswa kunye ne-biography kaDamasus. Kwixesha leembandezelo nelibalulekileyo kwimbali yeCawa, ubonakala njengomkhuseli okhutheleyo wokholo owayesazi ukuba kufuneka enze inkqubela phambili nini kwaye azinze nini.
UDamasus usenza sazi ngeempawu ezimbini zobunkokheli obulungileyo: ukujonga ukukhuthazwa nguMoya kunye nenkonzo. Ukulwa kwakhe sisikhumbuzo sokuba uYesu akazange athembise ukukhusela iLiwa lakhe kwimimoya yenkanyamba okanye ekukhuseleni abalandeli bakhe ebunzimeni. Isiqinisekiso sayo kuphela loloyiso lokugqibela.