Fumanisa uSt. Augustine: ukusuka kumoni ukuya kwisifundiswa sobuKristu
USt Augustine, ubhishophu waseHippo eMantla eAfrika (354 ukuya ku-430 AD), wayengomnye weengcinga ezinkulu zecawe yokuqala yamaKrestu, isifundiswa sezakwalizwi esasineembono ezingapheliyo kumaRoma Katolika nakumaProtestanti.
Kodwa uAugustine akazange eze kubuKristu ngendlela elula. Esemncinci waqala ukufuna inyaniso kwiifilosofi ezithandwayo zobuhedeni nakwinkcubeko yomhla wakhe. Ubomi bakhe obutsha babuphawulwe ngokuziphatha okubi. Ibali lokuguquka kwakhe, elichazwe kwincwadi yakhe ethi Confessions, yenye yezona zinto zibubungqina bobuKrestu.
Indlela eqhekezayo ka-Agastiine
UAgostino wazalwa ngonyaka ka-354 eThagaste, kwiphondo laseNyakatho Melika eNumidia, namhlanje e-Algeria. Uyise, uPatrizio, wayengumhedeni owayesebenza kwaye esindisa ukuze unyana wakhe afumane imfundo elungileyo. UMonica, umama wakhe, wayengumKristu ozinikeleyo owayesoloko ethandazela unyana wakhe.
Ukusuka kuqeqesho olusisiseko kwidolophu yakhe, uAugustine waqala ukufunda uncwadi lwamandulo, emva koko waya eCarthage ukuya kuqeqesha uqeqesho, exhaswa ngumxhamli ogama linguRomania. Inkampani engalunganga ikhokelela ekuziphatheni okubi. UAugustine wathatha inkosikazi waza wazala unyana, uAdeodatus, owafa ngo-390 AD
Ekhokelwa yindlala yakhe yobulumko, uAugustine waba ngumntu waseManichean. UManichaeism, eyasekwa sisithandi sobulumko sasePersi uMani (ukusukela ngonyaka ka-216 ukuya ku-274 AD), wafundisa ubumbini, ukwahlula-hlukana phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi. Njenga-Gnosticism, le nkolo ibanga ukuba ulwazi olufihlakeleyo luyindlela yosindiso. Wazama ukudibanisa iimfundiso zikaBuddha, uZoroaster kunye noYesu Krestu.
Okwangoku, uMonica wayethandazele ukuba unyana wakhe aguquke. Oku kwenzeka ngo-387, xa uAgostino wayebhaptizwe ngu-Ambrogio, ubhishophu waseMilan, e-Itali. UAugustine wabuyela kwidolophu yakhe eseThagaste, wamiselwa njengombingeleli kwaye kwiminyaka embalwa kamva wanyulwa njengobhishophu wesixeko saseHippo.
UAugustine wayenengqondo ekrelekrele kodwa wagcina ubomi obulula, bufana nemonki. Wayekhuthaza izindlu zoonongendi kunye neendawo zokuhlala e-Afrika kwaye wayehlala esamkela iindwendwe ezinokuthi zenze incoko yokufunda. Wayesebenza ngakumbi njengomfundisi kunokuba abe ngubhishophu ozimeleyo, kodwa wayehlala ebhala bonke ubomi bakhe.
Ibhalwe ezintliziyweni zethu
UAugustine wafundisa ukuba kwiTestamente eNdala (uMnqophiso oMdala), umthetho wawungaphandle kwethu, ubhalwe kumacwecwe amatye, iMithetho Elishumi. Lo mthetho awunakubandakanya ukugwetyelwa, kuphela kukreqo.
KwiTestamente eNtsha, okanye kumnqophiso omtsha, umthetho ubhaliwe ngaphakathi kwethu, ezintliziyweni zethu, watsho, kwaye senziwa amalungisa ngokufakwa kubabalo lukaThixo nothando lwe-agape.
Ubulungisa abuphumi kwimisebenzi yethu, kodwa, siphumelele ngenxa yokufa kukaYesu Krestu emnqamlezweni, onenceba yethu isondela kuye ngoMoya oyiNgcwele, ngokholo nobhaptizo.
UAugustine wayekholelwa ukuba ubabalo lukaKrestu aluzange lubekho kuthi ukusombulula izono zethu, kodwa kusinceda ukugcina umthetho. Siyaqonda ukuba sisodwa esingenakho ukuthobela umthetho, ke sikhokelwa kuKristu. Ngobabalo, asiwugcini umthetho ngenxa yokoyika, njengakwiMnqophiso oMdala, kodwa ngenxa yothando, utshilo.
Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uAugustine wabhala ngohlobo lwesono, uBathathu Emnye, inkululeko yokuzikhethela kunye nesimo sesono somntu, iisakramente kunye nolwalathiso lukaThixo. Indlela awayecinga ngayo yayinzulu kangangokuba uninzi lweengcamango zakhe lwasinika isiseko semfundiso yobuKristu kwiinkulungwane ezizayo.
Impembelelo enkulu ka-Augustine
Imisebenzi emibini eyaziwa kakhulu nguAugustine kukuvuma kunye nesiXeko sikaThixo. Kwingxelo, uxela ibali lokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesondo kunye nokukhathazeka kukanina ngomphefumlo wakhe. Ushwankathela uthando lwakhe ngoKrestu, esithi, "Ke ndingayeka ukuba lusizi kum ndize ndonwabe kuwe."
Isixeko sikaThixo, esibhalwe ngasekupheleni kobomi buka-Augustine, sasiyinxalenye yokhuselo lobuKristu kubukhosi baseRoma. U-Emperor Theodosius wenza ubuKrestu obukholelwa kuTriniti baba yinkolo yasebukhosini ngonyaka wama-390. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kamva, i-Visigoth barbarian, eyayikhokelwa ngu-Alaric I, yaphanga iRoma. AmaRoma amaninzi ayetyhola ubuKristu, esithi ukusuka kude koothixo baseRoma kwakudala kubangele boyisiwe. Esinye isiXeko sikaThixo sithelekisa izixeko zomhlaba nezasezulwini.
Xa wayengubhishophu waseHippo, uSanta Augustine waseka iimonasteri zamadoda nabafazi. Wabhala nomgaqo, okanye iseti yemiyalelo, malunga nokuziphatha kweemonki kunye noonongendi. Kwakungo-1244 kuphela apho iqela leemonki kunye nehermits labumbana e-Itali kunye ne-Order of St. Augustine yasekwa, kusetyenziswa loo mthetho.
Malunga neminyaka engama-270 kamva, umfo ka-Augustine, owayekwangumphengululi weBhayibhile njengoAugustine, wavukela imigaqo-nkqubo neemfundiso ezininzi zeCawa yamaRoma Katolika. Igama lakhe yayinguMartin Luther kwaye waba ngumntu ophambili kuHlaziyo lwamaProtestanti.
Izixhobo kunye nokuqhubeka nokufunda
UChristian Apologetics kunye noMphathiswa Wezophando
Umyalelo kaSt. Augustine
IYunivesithi yaseFordham,
Ulawulo lukaSt Augustine
UbuKristu namhlanje
Ukufika
Ukuvuma, uSt. Augustine, iOxford University Press, uguqulo kunye namanqaku nguHenry Chadwick