Ukujonga ngokugxekayo kwizono ezi-7 ezibulalayo

Da UPaolo Tescione - NgoSeptemba 15, 2019

Kwisithethe sobuKristu, izono ezinefuthe elikhulu ekukhuleni komoya ziye zahlelwa "njengezono ezibulalayo". Zeziphi izono ezikulungeleyo ukuba nolu didi zahlukile, kwaye abafundi bezakwalizwi abangamaKrestu benze uluhlu lwezono ezinzulu ezinokwenziwa ngabantu. UGregory Omkhulu wenza into ngoku ethathelwa ingqalelo njengoluhlu lwamahlelo: ikratshi, umona, umsindo, ukuphelelwa lithemba, ukubawa, ubudlakudla nenkanuko.

Ngelixa nganye inokuthi ikhuthaze indlela yokuziphatha ekhathazayo, akusoloko kunjalo. Umsindo, umzekelo, unokuthetheleleka njengempendulo yokungabikho kobulungisa kunye nesishukumiso sokuphumeza ubulungisa. Ngapha koko, olu luhlu aluthethi ngeempawu zokuziphatha ezenzakalisa abanye kwaye endaweni yoko lujolise ekukhuthazeni: ukungcungcuthekisa nokubulala umntu ayisiyo "isono sokufa" ukuba umntu ukhuthazwa luthando kunomsindo. "Izono ezisixhenxe ezibulalayo" ke aziphelelanga nje ekungafezekini, kodwa zikhuthaze iziphene ezinzulu ekuziphatheni okuhle kobuKristu nakwimfundiso yenkolo.

Ikratshi - okanye into engento - kukukholelwa okugqithileyo kubuchule bomntu, kangangokuba umntu angamniki uzuko uThixo.Ukratshi kukwangakwazi ukunika abanye udumo ngenxa yabo - ukuba ikratshi lomntu liyakukhathaza, unetyala lokuzingca . UThomas Aquinas wathi zonke ezinye izono zivela kwikratshi, zisenza esi sesona sono sibaluleke kakhulu ekugxilwe kuso:

"Ukuzithanda ngokugqithisileyo kungunobangela wazo zonke izono ... ingcambu yekratshi ilele kwinto yokuba umntu, ngandlel 'ithile, engathobeli uThixo negunya lakhe."
Susa isono sekratshi
Imfundiso yobuKrestu ngokuchasene nekratshi ikhuthaza abantu ukuba bathobele amagunya enkolo ukuze bathobele uThixo, ngaloo ndlela bekhulisa amandla ecawa. Akukho nto iphosakeleyo ngekratshi kuba ikratshi kwinto oyenzayo linokuthetheleleka. Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho mfuneko yokuthenga ityala kuwo nawuphi na uthixo ngezakhono kunye namava umntu afanele ukuchitha ubomi bakhe bonke ekhula kwaye egqibelela; Iimpikiswano ezichaseneyo zobuKristu zisebenza nje ngenjongo yokujongela phantsi ubomi bomntu kunye namandla abantu.

Kuyinyani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba abantu banokuqiniseka kakhulu ngobuchule babo kwaye ukuba oku kungakhokelela kwintlekele, kodwa kuyinyani nokuba ukuthembela okuncinci kakhulu kungamthintela umntu ekufezekiseni amandla akhe apheleleyo. Ukuba abantu abayamkeli into yokuba iziphumo zabo zezabo, abayi kuvuma ukuba kuxhomekeke kubo ukuba baqhubeke nokunyamezelela kwaye bazuze kwixesha elizayo.

Isohlwayo
Abantu abanekratshi - abo banetyala lokwenza isono esibulalayo sekratshi - kuthiwa bohlwaywa esihogweni ngokuba "baphuke kwivili". Akucaci ukuba yintoni le isohlwayo inento yokwenza nokuhlaselwa ngekratshi. Mhlawumbi ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi ukophula ivili yayisesisohlwayo esihlazo ngakumbi. Ngaphandle koko, kutheni ungahlwaywa ngokwenza abantu bahleke kwaye bahlekise ngobuchule bakho ngonaphakade?

Umona ngumnqweno wokuba nezinto abanye banazo, nokuba zizinto ezibonakalayo, ezinje ngeemoto okanye iimpawu zomntu, okanye into enovakalelo ngakumbi njengombono oqinisekileyo okanye umonde. Ngokwesiko lobuKristu, ukubamonela abanye kukhokelela ekubeni bangonwabi ngabo. U-Aquino wabhala ukuba umona:

"... ichasene nesisa, apho umphefumlo ufumana khona ubomi bayo bomoya ... Isisa sinovuyo kulunge lommelwane, ngelixa umona ulusizi ngenxa yawo."
Gxotha isono somona
Izithandi zobulumko ezazingezozabuKristu ezinjengo-Aristotle noPlato zazisithi umona ubakhokelela ekubeni banqwenele ukutshabalalisa abo banomona, ngaloo ndlela bebathintela ukuba bangabinayo nantoni na. Ngenxa yoko umona uphathwa njengohlobo lwenzondo.

Ukwenza umona isono kunesiphene sokukhuthaza amaKristu ukuba aneliswe zizinto anazo kunokuphikisa amandla angenabulungisa abanye okanye ukuzama ukufumana oko abanye banako. Kungenzeka ukuba ubuncinci kwezinye iimeko zomona zibangelwe yindlela abanye abanazo okanye abasilela ngayo ngokungafanelekanga. Umona unokuba sisiseko sokulwa ukungabikho kokusesikweni. Ngelixa zikho izizathu ezisemthethweni zokuba nenkxalabo ngentiyo, kukho ukungalingani ngokungekho sikweni ngaphezu kwengqumbo emhlabeni.

Ukujolisa kwiimvakalelo zomona kunye nokuzigweba endaweni yokungabikho kokusesikweni okubangela ezo mvakalelo kuvumela ukungabikho kokusesikweni kuqhubeke kungaphikiswa. Kutheni le nto kufanele ukuba sonwabe xa umntu efumana amandla okanye izinto ebengafanele ukuba nazo? Kutheni le nto singafanele sikhalele umntu oxhamla ukungabikho kokusesikweni? Ngesizathu esithile, ukungabikho kokusesikweni akuthathwa njengesono sokufa. Ngelixa ingqumbo mhlawumbi yayinzulu njengokungalingani ngokungafanelekanga, ithi okuninzi ngobuKrestu obakhe baba sisono, enye hayi.

Isohlwayo
Abantu abanomona, abanetyala lokwenza isono esibulalayo somona, baya kohlwaywa esihogweni betywiliselwa emanzini abandayo ngonaphakade. Akucaci ukuba loluphi uhlobo lonxibelelwano olukhoyo phakathi ukohlwaya umona kunye nokuxhathisa amanzi aqandayo. Ngaba ukubanda kufanele kubafundise ukuba kutheni kungalunganga ukunqwenela oko abanye banako? Ngaba kufanele ipholise iminqweno yabo?

I-gluttony ihlala inxulunyaniswa nokutya kakhulu, kodwa inendawo ebanzi ebandakanya ukuzama ukutya ngaphezu kwayo yonke into oyifunayo, kubandakanya nokutya. UThomas Aquinas wabhala ukuba iGluttony imalunga:

"... akukho mnqweno wokutya nokusela, kodwa umnqweno ogqithileyo ... ukushiya indlela yesizathu, apho kukho ukulunga kokuziphatha okuhle."
Ke ibinzana elithi "ukunyoluka nokohlwaywa" ayisiyonto ilinganiselayo njengoko umntu enokucinga.

Ukongeza ekwenziweni kwesono esibulalayo sokubudla ngokutya kakhulu, umntu unokukwenza ngokutya ubuninzi bemithombo (amanzi, ukutya, amandla), ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ukuze ufumane ukutya okutyebileyo, echitha ixesha elininzi ukuba nezinto ezininzi (iimoto, imidlalo, izindlu, umculo, njl. njl. njl. Ubudenge bungatolikwa njengesono sokuthanda ukuthanda izinto ngokugqithisileyo kwaye, ngokomgaqo, ukugxila kwesi sono kunokukhuthaza uluntu olunobulungisa nolulinganayo. Kutheni le nto ingenzekanga, nangona kunjalo?

Gxotha isono sezinto zobudenge
Nangona ithiyori isenokwenzeka . Kwangelo xesha, nangona kunjalo, abo sele besele ngokugqithisileyo abakhuthazwanga ukuba benze okuncinci, ukuze ihlwempu kunye nelambile linanele.

Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa okugqithileyo kunye "nokubonakala" kudala kukhonza iinkokheli zaseNtshona njengendlela yokubonisa imeko ephezulu yezentlalo, ezopolitiko nezemali. Nokuba iinkokeli zonqulo ngokwazo zazinetyala lobudlakudla, kodwa oku kwagwetyelwa ukuzukiswa kwecawa. Ndagqibela nini ukuva inkokeli enkulu yamaKrestu ivakalisa ukugwetywa kokutya?

Isohlwayo
Umntu olidlakudla - onetyala lobudlakudla- uya kohlwaywa esihogweni ngokutyisa ngenkani.

Umnqweno ngumnqweno wokufumana ulonwabo lomzimba kunye nolokwenyama (hayi nje ezo zesini). Umnqweno wokuziyolisa ngokwasemzimbeni uthathwa ngokuba unesono kuba usenza sizijongele phantsi iimfuno okanye imiyalelo yokomoya ebaluleke ngakumbi. Umnqweno wesondo ukwanesono ngokwenkcubeko yesiqhelo kuba kukhokelela ekusebenziseni isondo ngento engaphezulu kokuzalwa.

Ukugxeka inkanuko kunye nokuzonwabisa ngokwasemzimbeni kuyinxalenye yomzamo wobuKristu wokukhuthaza ubomi emva kobomi kunye noko ukubonelela ngako. Kuyanceda ukuvalela abantu kwingcinga yokuba isini kunye nokwabelana ngesondo kubakho kuphela ngokuzala, hayi ngothando okanye nokonwaba kwezenzo ngokwazo. Ukuchaswa kobuKristu kokonwaba ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokwabelana ngesondo, ngakumbi, kuye kwaba phakathi kweyona ngxaki inkulu ngobuKristu kwimbali yayo yonke.

Ukuthandwa kwenkanuko njengesono kungqinwa ngento yokuba okuninzi kubhaliwe ukusigwebela kunokuba kunjalo ngazo zonke ezinye izono. Ikwangasinye sezono ezisixhenxe ezibi kuphela abantu abaqhubeka bezithathela ingqalelo isono.

Kwezinye iindawo, kubonakala ngathi sonke isimilo sokuziphatha siye sancitshiselwa imiba eyahlukeneyo yokuziphatha ngokwesondo kunye nenkxalabo yokugcina ucoceko ngokwesondo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa kufikwa kumalungelo obuKrestu - akusosizathu esivakalayo ukuba phantse yonke into abayithethayo "ngexabiso" kunye "nexabiso losapho" ibandakanya isini okanye isini ngandlela thile.

Isohlwayo
Abantu abanenkanuko-abo banetyala lokwenza isono esibi senkanuko-baya kohlwaywa esihogweni ngenxa yokufuthaniselwa ngumlilo nesulfure. Akubonakali ngathi kukho unxibelelwano olukhulu phakathi kwesi sono, ngaphandle kokuba inkanuko ithatha ixesha labo "lokuminxwa" kukonwaba ngokwasemzimbeni kwaye ngoku kufuneka banyamezele ukukrwitshiswa ngokwasemzimbeni.

Umsindo - okanye ingqumbo- sisono sokwala uthando kunye nomonde ekufuneka sibonele abanye kwaye endaweni yoko sikhethe ukujongana nobundlobongela okanye inzondo. Izinto ezininzi zobuKristu ezenziwa kwiinkulungwane (ezinje ngeNkundla yamaRoma yokuNcina amakholwa okanye iiMfazwe Zomnqamlezo) zisenokuba zibangelwa ngumsindo, hayi uthando, kodwa baxolelwa besithi isizathu sabo luthando lukaThixo okanye uthando lomphefumlo womntu-luthando olungaka, enyanisweni, ukuba bekuyimfuneko ukubonakalisa ngokwasemzimbeni.

Ukugwetywa komsindo njengesono ke kuyanceda ekucinezeleni iinzame zokulungisa ukungabikho kobulungisa, ngakumbi ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwamagunya enkolo. Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba umsindo unokukhokelela umntu kwimpembelelo eyingozi ngokungekho sikweni, oku akuthethi kuthi ukugwetywa ngokupheleleyo komsindo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ayithetheleli ukugxila kumsindo kodwa hayi kumonakalo owenziwa ngabantu egameni lothando.

Gxotha isono somsindo
Kungaphikiswa ukuba umbono wobuKristu "womsindo" njengesono unesiphene esibi kumacala amabini ahlukeneyo. Okokuqala, nangona isenokuba "sisono", abasemagunyeni abangamaKristu bakhawuleze bayala into yokuba izenzo zabo ziyakhuthazeka. Ukubandezeleka okwenyani kwabanye, ngelishwa, akubalulekanga xa kuziwa ekuvavanyeni izinto. Okwesibini, ileyibhile "yomsindo" inokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwabo bafuna ukulungisa ukungabikho kokusesikweni okunanditshwa ziinkokeli zecawe.

Isohlwayo
Abantu abanomsindo-abo banetyala lokwenza isono esibi somsindo-baya kohlwaywa esihogweni ngokukhutshwa emzimbeni. Kubonakala ngathi akukho nxibelwano phakathi kwesono somsindo kunye nesohlwayo sokushunqa ngaphandle kokuba kukwaphulwa komzimba womntu yinto enokwenziwa ngumntu onomsindo. Kukwabonakala kuyinto engaqhelekanga ukuba abantu bayanqunyulwa "bayaphila" xa befanele ukuba bafe xa befika esihogweni. Awunyanzelekanga ukuba uphile ukuze uqhawulwe ususwe uphila?

Ukubawa-okanye i-avarice-ngumnqweno wokufumana izinto eziphathekayo. Iyafana noKutya noMona, kodwa ibhekisa kumvuzo kunokutya okanye ukuba nezinto. U-Aquinas ukugxekile ukunyoluka kuba:

"Sisono ngqo nxamnye nommelwane, kuba umntu akanakuphuphuma bubutyebi bangaphandle, ngaphandle kokungabikho komnye umntu .. kusisono kuThixo, njengazo zonke izono ezifayo, kuloo mntu agweba izinto ezingunaphakade ngenxa izinto zokwexeshana “.
Susa isono sokubawa
Namhlanje, abasemagunyeni kunqabile babonakale begxeka indlela abazizityebi kwi-capitalist (kunye ne-Christian) West abanayo kakhulu ngelixa amahlwempu (eNtshona nakwezinye iindawo) engenanto. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukubawa kweendlela ezohlukeneyo kusisiseko soqoqosho lwanamhlanje lobungxowankulu apho uluntu lwaseNtshona lusekwe khona kwaye iicawa zobuKristu namhlanje zidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo kule nkqubo. Ukugxekwa okunzulu nokuzingisileyo kokunyoluka ekugqibeleni kungakhokelela ekugxekweni okuqhubekayo kobungxowankulu, kwaye zimbalwa iicawa zobuKristu ezibonakala zikulungele ukuthatha umngcipheko onokuthi uvele kweso sikhundla.

Cinga, umzekelo, unxibelelwano olusondeleyo lwezopolitiko phakathi kweenkokheli zongxowa-nkulu kunye namaKristu alondolozayo kwiRiphabliki Party. Kuyakwenzeka ntoni kulo mfelandawonye ukuba amaKristu alondolozayo aqala ukugxeka ukunyoluka nobudlakudla ngentshiseko efanayo naleyo bayikhokelela kwinkanuko? Ukuchasa ukunyoluka kunye nobungxowankulu kuya kwenza ukuba amaChristian counterculturals ngendlela angakhange abekho kwimbali yabo yokuqala kwaye akunakulindeleka ukuba bavukele izibonelelo zemali ezibondlayo kwaye zigcine zityebile kwaye zinamandla namhlanje. AmaKrestu amaninzi namhlanje, ngakumbi amaKrestu agcinayo, azama ukuzibonakalisa bona kunye nentshukumo yabo yokulondolozwa kwabantu "njengenkcubeko," kodwa ekugqibeleni umanyano lwabo nolondolozo lwentlalo, ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho lusebenza ukomeleza iziseko zenkcubeko yaseNtshona.

Isohlwayo
Abantu ababawayo-abo banetyala lokwenza isono esibi sokubawa-baya kohlwaywa esihogweni ngokubiliswa bephila kwi-oli ngonaphakade. Kubonakala ngathi akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kwesono sokubawa kunye nesohlwayo sokubiliswa ngeoyile ngaphandle kokuba, ziyabiliswa kwioyile enqabileyo nebizayo.

Islaza yeyona iqondwa gwenxa kwezona zono zisixhenxe zibulalayo. Rhoqo kuthathwa njengobuvila ngokulula, iguqulelwa ngokuchanekileyo njengokungakhathali. Xa umntu engenamdla, abasakhathali ngokwenza umsebenzi wabo kwabanye okanye kuThixo, kubenza bangayikhathaleli intlalo-ntle yabo. UThomas Aquinas ubhale la mazwi alandelayo:

"... kubi kwimpembelelo yayo, ukuba icinezela umntu kakhulu kangangokuba imshenxise ngokupheleleyo kwizenzo ezilungileyo."
Gxotha isono esivileyo
Ukugxeka ubuvila njengesono kusebenza njengendlela yokugcina abantu besebenza ecaweni xa beqala ukuqonda indlela engenamsebenzi ngayo inkolo kunye ne-theism. Imibutho yezenkolo ifuna abantu ukuba bahlale bekhuthala ukuxhasa injongo, ihlala ichazwa njenge "Icebo likaThixo," kuba imibutho enjalo ayivelisi naliphi na ixabiso elimema ngenye indlela naluphi na uhlobo lwengeniso. Abantu ke ngoko kufuneka bakhuthazwe ukuba "ngokuzithandela" ixesha kunye nezixhobo phantsi kwesohlwayo sanaphakade.

Isoyikiso esikhulu kwinkolo asikokuchasana nenkolo kuba inkcaso ithi inkolo isabalulekile okanye inefuthe. Esona sisongelo kwinkolo kukungakhathali kuba abantu abanamdla kwizinto ezingasabalulekanga. Xa abantu abaneleyo bengenamdla kwinkolo, inkolo leyo ayibalulekanga. Ukwehla kwenkolo kunye ne-theism eYurophu kubangelwe ngakumbi ngabantu abangasakhathaliyo kwaye bengasayifumani inkolo efanelekileyo kunabagxeki abachasene nenkolo abaqinisekisa abantu ukuba inkolo ayilunganga.

Isohlwayo
Amavila-abantu abanetyala lokwenza isono esibi se-sloth-bohlwaywa esihogweni ngokuphoswa emingxunyeni yeenyoka. Njengakwezinye isohlwayo sezono ezibulalayo, kubonakala ngathi akukho nxibelelwano phakathi kwe-sloth kunye neenyoka. Kutheni ungafaki i-lazy emanzini e-ice okanye kwi-oyile ebilayo? Kutheni ungabakhululi ebhedini uye emsebenzini uyokutshintsha izinto?