IYogacara: sisikolo sabanengqondo
I-Yogacara ("ukuziqhelanisa neyoga") lisebe lefilosofi yeMahayana Buddhism eyavela eIndiya ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX AD. Impembelelo yayo isabonakala nanamhlanje kwizikolo ezininzi zobuBuddha, kubandakanya iTibetan, iZen kunye neShingon.
I-Yogacara ikwabizwa ngokuba yiVijanavada, okanye iVijnana School kuba iYogacara ijonge ikakhulu kuhlobo lweVijnana kunye nohlobo lwamava. I-Vijnana yenye yeendlela ezintathu zengqondo ezixoxwe kwizibhalo zokuqala zamaBuddha ezinje ngeSutta-Pitaka. I-Vijnana ihlala iguqulelwa kwisiNgesi njenge "yokwazisa", "ukwazi" okanye "ulwazi". Ungowesihlanu kwiiSkandas ezintlanu.
Imvelaphi yeYogacara
Nangona ezinye izinto zemvelaphi yayo zilahlekile, umbhali-mbali waseBritani uDamien Keown uthi uYogacara kusenokwenzeka ukuba waxhuma kwangoko kwisebe laseGandhara lehlelo lakudala lamaBuddhist elibizwa ngokuba yiSarvastivada. Abasunguli babezizilo egama lingu-Asanga, uVasubandhu kunye noMaitreyanatha, ekucingelwa ukuba bonke babenonxibelelwano neSarvastivada ngaphambi kokuba baguqukele eMahayana.
Aba basunguli babona i-Yogacara njengelungisa ifilosofi yaseMadhyamika eyenziwe nguNagarjuna, mhlawumbi nge-XNUMX yenkulungwane ye-AD.
Abalandeli baka-Madhyamika batyhola i-Yogacarin ngokunyanzelwa okanye ukukholelwa ukuba uhlobo oluthile lwenyani luyinto engunobangela wale meko, nangona oku kungagxeki kubonakala kungayichazanga imfundiso eyiyoYogacara.
Okwexeshana, izikolo zefilosofi zaseYogacara naseMadhyamika zaziphikisana. Ngenkulungwane yesibhozo, ifom eguqulweyo yeYogacara idityaniswa nefom eguqulweyo yaseMadhyamika, kwaye le ntanda-bulumko idityanisiweyo yenza uninzi lwesiseko seMahayana namhlanje.
Iimfundiso ezisisiseko zeYogacara
I-Yogacara ayisiyo ifilosofi ekulula ukuyiqonda. Abaphengululi bayo bavelise iimodeli ezinobunkunkqele ezichaza indlela ulwazi kunye namava ahlangana ngayo. Ezi modeli zichaza ngokweenkcukacha indlela izinto ezenzeka ngayo ehlabathini.
Njengoko sele kutshiwo, i-Yogacara ikakhulu ijongene nohlobo lwe-vijnana kunye nohlobo lwamava. Kule meko, sinokucinga ukuba i-vijnana yimpendulo esekwe kwelinye lamacandelo amathandathu (iliso, indlebe, impumlo, ulwimi, umzimba, ingqondo) kunye nenye yezi zinto zintandathu zihambelana (into ebonakalayo, isandi, incasa yevumba, into ebonakalayo, nangona kunjalo) njengento. Umzekelo, ukuqonda okubonakalayo okanye i-vijnana-ukubona-ineliso njengoko isiseko sayo kunye nesenzeko esibonakalayo njengento yayo. Ukuqonda ngengqondo kunengqondo (i-manas) njengesiseko sayo kunye nembono okanye ukucinga njengeyona nto. UVijnana kukuqonda ukuba kunqamleza ubuchwephesha kunye nesenzeko.
Kwezi ntlobo zintandathu ze-vijnana, uYogacara wongeze ezinye ezimbini. I-vijnana yesixhenxe iyaziwa ngokukuko okanye klista-manas. Olu hlobo lokwazisa lubandakanya ukucinga ngesiqu sakho okukhokelela kwiingcamango zokuzingca kunye nekratshi. Ukukholelwa kubodwa obuhlukileyo kwaye obuzinzileyo buvela kule vijnana yesixhenxe.
Ingqondo yesibhozo, ialaya-vijnana, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba "kukugcina ulwazi". Le vijnana iqulethe konke ukubonwa kwamava angaphambili, athi abe yimbewu yekarma.
Kulula kakhulu, u-Yogacara ufundisa ukuba i-vijnana iyinyani, kodwa izinto zokwazisa aziyonyani. Oko sicinga njengezinto zangaphandle kuyindalo yokuqonda. Ngesi sizathu, iYogacara ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba sisikolo "seengqondo kuphela".
Ingaba isebenza kanjani? Onke amava angakhanyiswanga adalwe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-vijnana, ezivelisa amava omntu, osisigxina kunye neprojekthi yokukhohlisa kwizinto eziyinyani. Emva kokukhanyiselwa, ezi ndlela zimbini zokuqonda zitshintshiwe kwaye ukuqonda okukhokelela kukwazi ukubona inyani ngokucacileyo nangokuthe ngqo.
Yogacara ekusebenzeni
"I-yoga" kule meko yi-yoga yokucamngca eyayisisiseko sokwenza. I-Yogacara ikwagxininise ukwenziwa kokufezekiswa okuMathandathu.
Abafundi baseYogacara bahamba ngamanqanaba amane ophuhliso. Kowokuqala, umfundi wafunda iimfundiso zeYogacara ukuze azi kakuhle. Kwesesibini, umfundi uya ngaphaya kweekhonsepthi kwaye azibandakanye kwizigaba ezilishumi zophuhliso lwe-bodhisattva, ebizwa ngokuba yi-bhumi. Kwesithathu, umfundi ugqiba ukugqithela kumanqanaba alishumi kwaye aqale ukuzikhulula kungcoliseko. Kwesine, ukungcola kuye kwasuswa kwaye umfundi uyaqonda ukukhanya.